Going Green: How Transit Agencies Can Reduce Their Carbon Footprint
By Rudy Woodward
Rudy Woodward is vice president of Technical Services at Veolia Transportation and manages maintenance, fleet management purchasing, sustainability and environmental compliance for Veolia Transportation’s 130 bus and paratransit contracts in the United States.
It seems everyone is searching for ways to become green and promote sustainability in their homes, workplaces and communities. Increasingly, we are using less, recycling more and replacing what we must with more environmentally friendly alternatives. And, judging by the number of green products and services available to us, the ubiquity of green stories in the media and references to green in everything from construction to school curricula, it appears sustainability likely is more than just a passing trend of the new millennium, but rather a collective vision shared by many across countless industries and disciplines.
Transit agencies across the United States and around the world are called to be green as well. Some agencies are just embarking on the journey toward green while others are well along the way. Like so many other businesses in the United States, they are examining their infrastructures, equipment and processes and identifying ways to become more environmentally friendly at every level of their organizations.
By nature of our profession, transit agencies and operators are innate stewards of the environment and conservation. Public transportation reduces the number of vehicles on roadways; thereby reducing fuel consumption and carbon emissions. What’s more, greening our industry makes good business sense. By promoting energy efficiency in building design and construction, reusing and recycling materials, implementing environmentally friendly processes and electing to use alternative fuels and green equipment, transit agencies can directly benefit their bottom line in the form of short- and long-term cost savings and improved margins.
As if these are not enough reasons to encourage the continued “greening” of our industry, consider that we are likely to see legislation and taxes aimed at curbing carbon output. In April, the Environmental Protection Agency classified carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases as harmful pollutants and proposed reporting mandates and tougher emissions limits. Public demand for sustainable trains, buses, structures and processes also has never been higher. The communities we serve are looking for sustainable mass transit that is reliable, efficient and affordable. We have a tremendous opportunity to take a proactive, leadership position on this issue and to set the standard for sustainability in both the public and private sector.
Reducing Your Agency’s Carbon Footprint
First and foremost, agencies must create a culture that supports carbon management and this must become an integral part of how your organization conducts business.
It cannot be a one-off project or separate initiative. Rather, it must permeate every department, from operations and procurement to maintenance and human resources, and it must start at the top. Without the passionate support and adoption of the executive team, it will be extremely difficult, and nearly impossible, for an organization to effectively reduce its carbon footprint. Remember the old adage “actions speak louder than words” and “lead by example.” If your organization is serious about sustainability, prove it to your employees, partners and customers in the way you do business.
“Green” your thinking and behaviors and help every employee see his or her world through a green filter. Just as safety likely is a cornerstone of your organization, sustainability must be as well. Similar to how every decision is made within the context of promoting and maintaining a safe working and riding environment, so too must sustainability be a lens through which your employees see their responsibility to their workplace, their customers and one another. As with safety, success in sustainability depends on everyday actions by every member of your team.
Second, measure your footprint.
You cannot improve if you do not know where your deficiencies are. Chances are you probably are required to report carbon emissions on a local, state and/or federal level already, but if you are not, consider measuring your carbon footprint on a twice yearly basis. At Veolia Transportation, we started with vehicles because they are the largest contributor to greenhouse gases. For the past three years, we have collected data on vehicle usage (miles traveled), vehicle emissions and fuel utilization from all of our 130 transit and paratransit contracts. In the future, we will move to measure our total carbon footprint, including the amount of solid waste generated and the water and electricity consumed. Done regularly, auditing and measurement not only will help you benchmark improvement, it also will uncover areas where immediate corrective action is needed, further investigation is warranted or additional training is required.
Third, set benchmarks for your organization — as a whole and by location — and hold departments and individuals accountable.
Outline your sustainability objectives for each department and build goals and measurement into performance reviews for individuals at every level — from the executive team and operations to mechanics and administrative support. Be specific and ensure individuals understand how their goals tie into larger corporate initiatives. At Veolia Transportation, we formed “Green Teams” at each location — one for vehicles, one for offices and one for facilities — with the specific goal of creating and implementing a detailed action plan for carbon reduction.
Fourth, reward success.
Incentives that encourage and remunerate steps taken toward greater carbon management sustain good habits and help promote healthy competition across organizations. Recognize employees who embrace a sustainable culture and adopt green habits in their everyday performance – let them know you value their commitment.
Finally, enlist the help of your partners, suppliers and consultants.
Are they promoting sustainability within their organizations? Reiterate your focus on this important initiative, share best practices and ask for their support as you green your agency.
Getting Started
More likely than not, your agency already has undertaken steps to green its facilities and fleet. Perhaps you are remodeling buildings and stations or beginning new construction projects that promote sustainability. Or, you might be replacing equipment and vehicles with more energy-efficient alternatives. But, what if you are not planning such large capital investments? There are many small, easy-to-implement changes your organization can adopt that will have a big effect on carbon output. Challenge every member of your organization to green his or her everyday habits.
The following are a just few simple work/lifestyle changes you and your employees can make today that will have a direct impact on the environment and your bottom line:
Greening Fleets
Focus on idle reduction. Many transit authorities and many of our clients have made this a priority and have realized significant savings in fuel and reductions in emissions. This requires a great deal of communication with bus operators, lot supervisors and maintenance teams, but the potential dividends are significant.
Train drivers in “green driving” techniques. Acceleration burns more fuel than any other phase of driving so encourage drivers to ease up on the pedal and avoid sudden or aggressive starts. Anticipating traffic light signals, turns and the actions of other drivers also helps with this. Drivers should avoid hard braking because it not only causes brake parts to wear out quickly; it turns a vehicle’s momentum into useless heat. Whenever possible, and without compromising safety, save fuel by climbing hills gently and coasting on the way down.
Be rigorous about preventive maintenance. Develop and follow a schedule for routine maintenance and tune-ups to ensure engines operate at peak efficiency. Institute rigorous programs for tire inflation, since improperly inflated tires wear out more quickly and reduce fuel economy.
Greening Maintenance Facilities
Conserve water. Aim to be as dry a shop as possible and minimize the use of water for washing and cleanup to minimize wastewater generation. If possible, designate a special spot in the shop away from the service area where ice and snow can melt off vehicles and be contained.
Consider oil use and disposal. Develop an oil testing and monitoring program that ensures all oil is used to the end of its useful life and not changed too soon. Recycle all waste oil appropriately.
Clean “green.” Whenever possible, use biodegradable, water-based cleaning products for vehicles, offices and maintenance bays. Multiple suppliers now offer cleaning products that are far less toxic and far more environmentally friendly. They are not more expensive and they are just as effective, thus we are using them at more than 90 percent of our locations.
Greening Offices
Ensure heating and air-conditioning system efficiencies. Set automatic heating and air-conditioning controls to minimize energy use. Where possible, set thermostats a few degrees higher in the summer and lower in the winter. Keep windows and doors closed when systems are operating and clean and/or replace all filters regularly to optimize system performance.
Practice energy-conscious lighting habits. Replace incandescent light bulbs with compact fluorescent light (CFL) bulbs. CLFs are four times as efficient as incandescent bulbs and they produce less heat so they help reduce air-conditioning costs too. Turn lights off at the end of the day and considers installing motion-sensing light switches that automatically turn lights on when someone enters a room and off after they leave.
Reduce, reuse and recycle. Print only what really needs to be printed and use both sides of every sheet of paper. Share newspapers and magazines to avoid duplicate copies and cancel unwanted publications. Recycle all paper, aluminum, glass, plastic and anything else accepted by local recycling programs. Make it everyone’s responsibility and make it easy by providing plenty of well-labeled containers to collect recyclables. Eliminate disposable paper and plastic products and encourage the use of reusable products.
How Two Agencies are Promoting Sustainability
Veolia Transportation operates VIVA, an award-winning bus-rapid-transit system with 90 sleek articulated, 40-foot, low-floor buses, on behalf of the York Region Transit (YRT) in York, Canada, a fast-growing suburb of Toronto. As part of its commitment to forward-thinking public transportation and the environment, YRT began investigating alternative fuels for its buses in 2007. Veolia Transportation conducted a rigorous analysis and presented the benefits and negatives of several types of alternative fuels. Once YRT made the decision to use cleaner-burning bio-diesel, Veolia Transportation and YRT worked together to determine the appropriate blend levels based on the seasons and climate. In 2008, YRT began using a bio-diesel fuel blend in all 90 VIVA vehicles, significantly reducing tailpipe emissions and making VIVA an even greener alternative to driving a car.
The Metropolitan Transit System of San Diego (MTS) is another example of an agency taking steps to promote sustainability. Veolia Transportation operates half of the agency’s bus operations and runs operator relief vehicles. Working in partnership with MTS, Veolia Transportation has replaced all 35 of its non-revenue support vehicles with high-efficiency and low-emission hybrid vehicles to further reduce their carbon footprint.
These represent just two examples of agencies and their contractors promoting sustainability. There are countless others across our industry and there will continue to be more as we embrace opportunities to lead the way in reducing carbon output and protecting our environment.
For other ideas on how to help protect our natural resources and improve public health visit
www.wfrpc.org/thinkgreen.